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Cultural influences · SS27

Who borrowed from whom

Every pairing of a house and a tradition from outside the country it is based in: who drew on it, what they took, and the look that shows it.

47%Of referencing looks were borrowed
389Looks reached into another region
166Houses borrowed
24Countries they are based in

Where each look stands

1102 looks that drew on a tradition, by how the tradition relates to the house
  • From another region 389
  • From a neighbouring country 135
  • Home tradition or own region 472
  • Can't tell 146

Houses based in France

13 pairings, most looks first
  1. Maison Margiela, look 23: tabi

    France → JapanAnother region

    23 looks · 8 houses · tabi, kimono / obi brocade, kimono

    Givenchy · Maison Margiela · Kenzo · Dior · Isabel Marant and 3 more

    “White calf-high boots with a clearly split toe separating the big toe, the defining feature of Japanese jika-tabi, reworked as painted leather boots.”

  2. Lemaire, look 63: pankou / frog closures

    France → ChinaAnother region

    17 looks · 11 houses · pankou / frog closures, tang jacket, qipao / cheongsam

    Isabel Marant · Courreges · Dior · Kenzo · Lemaire and 6 more

    “Row of knotted toggle-and-loop frog fastenings down the centre front, rendered in self leather rather than silk cord.”

  3. Agnes B., look 45: tartan / kilt

    France → ScotlandNeighbouring

    17 looks · 5 houses · tartan / kilt

    Jeanne Friot · Egonlab. · Agnes B. · Ernest W. Baker · Franck Sorbier

    “Red ground sett with navy and green bands and fine yellow and white overchecks, closely resembling Royal Stewart tartan, tailored into a matching three-piece suit and coat.”

  4. Kenzo, look 24: manton de manila

    France → SpainNeighbouring

    7 looks · 5 houses · manton de manila, traje de flamenca, espadrille

    Kenzo · Dior · Franck Sorbier · Julie de Libran · Lemaire

    “Dense multicolour silk-style floral embroidery on crimson ground: large peonies/roses, scrolling tendrils, scattered blossoms, characteristic of mantón de Manila shawl embroidery, reworked as a full gathered skirt.”

  5. Alexis Mabille, look 4: sari drape

    France → IndiaAnother region

    3 looks · 3 houses · banarasi brocade, sari drape, zardozi

    Alexis Mabille · Dior · Franck Sorbier

    “Gold lamé panel falls diagonally from the shoulder across the torso and gathers at the hip over a long column, recalling a sari pallu. It is also readable as a generic Grecian drape.”

  6. Givenchy, look 39: silk satin floral embroidery

    France → East Asian (unspecified)Another region

    2 looks · 2 houses · chinese silk brocade, silk satin floral embroidery

    Dior · Givenchy

    “Dense satin-stitch flowers on lustrous gold silk satin, recalling Japanese kimono or Chinese silk embroidery; could be print, Japanese or Chinese source uncertain.”

  7. Franck Sorbier, look 1: gandoura / jabador

    France → MoroccoAnother region

    2 looks · 1 house · gandoura / jabador, sfifa braid trim

    Franck Sorbier

    “Collarless deep V-slit neckline edged in tonal braid, loose hip-length tunic with tone-on-tone embroidered chest panel, as on a Moroccan jabador top worn with trousers.”

  8. Agnes B., look 4: trachten jacket / janker

    France → AustriaNeighbouring

    1 look · 1 house · trachten jacket / janker

    Agnes B.

    “Short fitted cream knit with bobble (Noppen) and twisted-stitch panels, tasselled neck tie and metal buttons, typical of Alpine Trachten cardigans (Austrian or Bavarian).”

  9. Isabel Marant, look 12: navajo / dine weaving pattern

    France → Diné (Navajo)Another region

    1 look · 1 house · navajo / dine weaving pattern

    Isabel Marant

    “Stepped, serrated diamond lozenges and banded geometric borders in red, pink and grey on cream, recalling Diné rug layouts; rendered as fuzzy mohair knit.”

  10. Imane Ayissi, look 14: huipil

    France → MexicoAnother region

    1 look · 1 house · huipil

    Imane Ayissi

    “Boxy rectangular untailored tunic with square neckline, all-over woven-look repeat motifs and fringed hem, worn over a full gathered skirt like a huipil-and-enagua ensemble.”

  11. Franck Sorbier, look 2: rudraksha / prayer bead mala

    France → South Asian (unspecified)Another region

    1 look · 1 house · rudraksha / prayer bead mala

    Franck Sorbier

    “Strand of brown textured rudraksha-like seed beads with dangling tassels, like a Hindu or Buddhist japa mala; carved bone-like beads could also suggest Tibetan bone malas.”

  12. Franck Sorbier, look 23: adras / atlas ikat

    France → UzbekistanAnother region

    1 look · 1 house · adras / atlas ikat

    Franck Sorbier

    “Bold blurred-edge ikat medallions in red, yellow, black and white on velvet pile, typical of Uzbek silk-velvet (baghmal) ikat; used as trim bands and collar insert.”

  13. Imane Ayissi, look 8: kente

    France → West African (unspecified)Another region

    1 look · 1 house · kente

    Imane Ayissi

    “Checkerboard of narrow strip-woven blocks alternating warp stripes and inlaid geometric motifs in gold, teal, magenta on black; could also read as Ewe kente or aso oke.”

By where the house is based

Looks drawing on another country's tradition, and the traditions drawn on most

  • Italy139 looks · 27 houses

    Japan (18) · India (15) · Ecuador (15) · Central Asian (unspecified) (13)

  • France75 looks · 21 houses

    Japan (23) · Scotland (17) · China (17) · Spain (7)

  • Japan56 looks · 24 houses

    Scotland (26) · China (13) · Spain (4) · Mexico (3)

  • Denmark52 looks · 16 houses

    India (15) · China (10) · Scotland (9) · Spain (5)

  • United States50 looks · 16 houses

    Scotland (15) · India (9) · Ghana (6) · Spain (5)

  • Nigeria29 looks · 14 houses

    Morocco (7) · China (6) · Japan (3) · Mali (3)

  • Germany25 looks · 9 houses

    China (13) · Spain (5) · Austria (2) · Japan (2)

  • Belgium24 looks · 3 houses

    Scotland (8) · Andean (7) · India (7) · Austria (1)

  • United Kingdom20 looks · 9 houses

    West African (unspecified) (4) · Japan (4) · Spain (3) · Andean (2)

  • South Africa9 looks · 2 houses

    Japan (4) · West African (unspecified) (3) · Mali (2) · Fulani (1)

  • Lebanon8 looks · 2 houses

    India (7) · China (1)

  • Côte d’Ivoire5 looks · 1 house

    Fulani (2) · Yoruba (2) · Ghana (1) · South Asian (unspecified) (1)

  • Mexico5 looks · 4 houses

    Japan (2) · China (1) · Korea (1) · Spain (1)

  • South Korea5 looks · 1 house

    European (unspecified) (2) · Austria (1) · Japan (1) · Russia (1)

  • Brazil4 looks · 3 houses

    China (1) · European (unspecified) (1) · Japan (1) · Palestine (1)

  • China3 looks · 3 houses

    Japan (3)

  • India3 looks · 2 houses

    Cambodia (1) · Scotland (1) · Spain (1)

  • Sweden2 looks · 2 houses

    Austria (1) · Korea (1)

  • Netherlands2 looks · 2 houses

    Japan (1) · West African (unspecified) (1)

  • Ghana2 looks · 1 house

    Yoruba (2)

By tradition

Looks by houses based elsewhere, and where those houses are based

  • Scotland91 looks · 9 countries

    Japan (26) · France (17) · United States (15) · Italy (13)

  • China72 looks · 11 countries

    France (17) · Japan (13) · Germany (13) · Denmark (10)

  • Japan68 looks · 13 countries

    France (23) · Italy (18) · Denmark (4) · United Kingdom (4)

  • India59 looks · 8 countries

    Denmark (15) · Italy (15) · United States (9) · Lebanon (7)

  • Spain39 looks · 12 countries

    France (7) · Denmark (5) · Germany (5) · Italy (5)

  • Morocco17 looks · 3 countries

    Italy (8) · Nigeria (7) · France (2)

  • Ecuador16 looks · 2 countries

    Italy (15) · United Kingdom (1)

  • Central Asian (unspecified)16 looks · 2 countries

    Italy (13) · Denmark (3)

  • South Asian (unspecified)13 looks · 8 countries

    Denmark (4) · Italy (3) · Germany (1) · France (1)

  • Austria12 looks · 7 countries

    Italy (4) · Germany (2) · United States (2) · France (1)

  • West African (unspecified)11 looks · 6 countries

    United Kingdom (4) · South Africa (3) · France (1) · Italy (1)

  • Native American (unspecified)10 looks · 3 countries

    Italy (7) · Japan (2) · United Kingdom (1)

  • East Asian (unspecified)10 looks · 5 countries

    Italy (3) · United States (3) · France (2) · Denmark (1)

  • Andean10 looks · 3 countries

    Belgium (7) · United Kingdom (2) · Italy (1)

  • Ghana9 looks · 3 countries

    United States (6) · Nigeria (2) · Côte d’Ivoire (1)

  • Mexico8 looks · 4 countries

    Japan (3) · United States (3) · Belgium (1) · France (1)

  • Middle Eastern (unspecified)6 looks · 4 countries

    Italy (2) · Nigeria (2) · Denmark (1) · United Kingdom (1)

  • Yoruba5 looks · 3 countries

    Côte d’Ivoire (2) · Ghana (2) · Denmark (1)

  • Germany5 looks · 3 countries

    Denmark (2) · United Kingdom (2) · Italy (1)

  • Greece5 looks · 1 country

    Italy (5)

How each look is placed

  • Another region From another region
  • Neighbouring From a neighbouring country
  • Home tradition The house's own tradition
  • Own region From the house's own region
  • Can't tell Indigenous tradition, on the house's home ground
  • Base unknown House base not recorded

* Base inferred from the national fashion week the house shows at; the house has no recorded base.

How we read it

Read from the runway photographs by our AI tagger: an element counts when it is recognisably drawn from a specific dress or craft tradition and the tagger is at least 60% confident. It describes the clothes only, never the person wearing them, and it is not a statement by the house.

A look is borrowed when the house that showed it is based outside the country the tradition comes from. We compare the house's base (recorded, or inferred from the one national fashion week it shows at) with the tradition the tagger named. Traditions the tagger could only place by region, such as “West African”, count as borrowed only when the house is based outside that region. For Indigenous traditions a house based on the same territory may or may not belong to the community, so those looks are marked “can’t tell”. A house’s base says nothing about its designers’ own heritage, and borrowing is not a verdict: it can be collaboration, homage or appropriation, which the photographs can’t show.

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